The Third Sunday in Lent MMXII

We beseech thee, Almighty God, remember the vows of thy lowly ones, and stretch forth the right hand of thy majesty to be our defense; through the Lord..

Latin original Collect:

Quaesumus onimipotens Deus, vota humillum respice atque ad defensionim nostram dexteram tuae maiestatis extende, per Dominum.

--Gelesian Sacramentary

Introit: Mine eyes are ever toward the Lord: for he shall pluck my feet out of the net.…

Ps: Unto thee O Lord, do I lift up my soul…

Epistle:  Ephesians 5:1-9  Be ye therefore followers of God, as dear children…

Gradual:  Arise O Lord; let not man prevail…

Gospel:  Luke 11:14-28  And he was casting out a devil, and it was dumb…

See it all here

http://www.archive.org/stream/commonserviceb00unknuoft#page/n77/mode/2up

another translation

We beseech thee, almighty God, look upon the hearty desires of thy humble servants, and stretch forth the right hand of thy majesty to be our defense against all our enemies; through Jesus Christ our Lord

[Cranmer, 1549]

The English translation first appeared in the Anglican Prayer Book.  We are informed by Strodash that it does not convey all the meaning one might have inferred from hearing the Latin, and adds more to it.

respice

-- Look upon

 There are other meanings that may have been understood: "Look back upon" or "remember".  Look back at what-- our hearty desires? What were our hearty desires from the past?  They were our vows (vota) we made when we professed our faith.  These were made in all humility.  They were humble desires from the many lowly ones (humillium).  These vows were generally made on Easter for the candidates for baptism. The lessons and training that lead up to the day for vows were taught in the period we now call Lent. We hear in the Psalm, "Vow, and pay unto the LORD your God: let all that be round about him bring presents unto him that ought to be feared" [Psalm 76:11]

dexteram tuae maiestatis extende,

-- Extend the right hand of thy majesty

Regard favorably the heartfelt, ardent, hungering petitions of thy lowly ones.  Imagine if you can a humble supplicant approaching the throne of the most powerful and divine regent. He makes his humble petition, and the regent extends his right hand as a sign that he may approach and is received.  This is more than simply granting the petition, it is an assurance that it will be fulfilled, of favor.  We hear in the story of Ester, "And when the king saw Queen Esther standing in the court, she won favor in his sight, and he held out to Esther the golden scepter that was in his hand. Then Esther approached and touched the tip of the scepter" [Ester 5:2]

ad defensionim nostram

--Defend us

This is the Latin petition, and it ends there.  The translators added, "with all enemies" , and in a way, limited it.  The plea for defense extends beyond the concept of "all enemies" and includes: granting of strength, protection from every calamity, shelter, and peace.  The petition calls upon the Almighty to defend us in every way and always. The idea of defense is beautifully expressed in this psalm, "The LORD is my rock, and my fortress, and my deliverer; my God, my strength, in whom I will trust; my buckler, and the horn of my salvation, and my high tower." [Psalm 18:2]

In considering today's collect, one cannot separate it from the challenging words of the Epistle with which it is traditionally linked. Paul clearly reminds the Ephesians of their vows upon baptism, to run the way of the Commandments-to follow Christ and walk in love, and then he enumerates those actions which betray that vow [Ephesians 5:1-9]: 

"But fornication, and all uncleanness, or covetousness, let it not be once named among you, as becometh saints; Neither filthiness, nor foolish talking, nor jesting, which are not convenient: but rather giving of thanks. For this ye know, that no whoremonger, nor unclean person, nor covetous man, who is an idolater, hath any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God. Let no man deceive you with vain words: for because of these things cometh the wrath of God upon the children of disobedience. Be not ye therefore partakers with them." 

The catechumens understood the will of our Lord, and held such teachings as the Ten Commandments as central to their vow to turn from Evil, and embrace Christ.  The ancient ceremony had the baptismal candidate face westward, and the presbyter would ask, "Do you renounce all Evil?" The candidate vowed that he renounced the Evil one, and then turned toward the east and the vector of the coming of the Son on the day of the Resurrection, as in repenting and turning from sin, and completed his confession of faith in the Father and the Son and the Holy Ghost.  The catechumens understood sin to be described in great measure by the Ten Commandments which our Lord acknowledged as standards for righteousness. Jesus said, "Thou knowest the commandments, Do not commit adultery, Do not kill, Do not steal, Do not bear false witness, Honour thy father and thy mother." [Luke 18:20]

These are the vows incumbent upon all Christians, and along with them the Summary of the Law, "Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all thy mind. This is the first and great commandment. And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thyself. On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets." [Matthew 22:37-38]

See an homily by Chrysostom on the Epistle http://www.orderofcenturions.org/documents/lent3.html#homily

Finis

(Portions were paraphrased and passages cited from The Collect of the Day, by Paul Zeller Strodach, 1939, The United Lutheran Press, Philadelphia)  http://www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/s/t/r/strodach_pz.htm

 

The Ancient Collect: Its history and form

http://orderofcenturions.org/collect-form.html

 

--
Released by Primus Pilus
Legio Christi-Ecclesia Militans
"Let us therefore follow after the things which make for peace, and things wherewith one may edify another" [St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans 14:19]

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The Second Sunday in Lent MMXII

O God who seest that we are destitute of all virtue; Guard us inwardly and outwardly; so that we may be fortified against all adversities in body, and cleansed from all depraved thoughts. Through the Lord...

[Stordash]

...

Latin original Collect:

Deus, qui conspicis omni nos virtute destitui interius exteriusque custodi, ut ab omnibus adversitatibus muniamur in corpore, et a pravis cogitationibus mundemur in mente, per Dominum.

--Gelesian Sacramentary

Introit: Remember, O Lord, thy tender mercies…

Ps: Unto thee O Lord, do I lift up my soul…

Epistle: 1 Thessalonians 4:1-7.  Furthermore then we beseech you…

Gradual: The troubles of my heart are enlarged.

Gospel: Matthew 15:21-28.  Then Jesus went thence, and departed…

See it all here

http://www.archive.org/stream/commonserviceb00unknuoft#page/n76/mode/2up

Another  rendering, 

O God who seest that of ourselves we have no strength: Keep us both outwardly and inwardly; that we may be defended from all adversities which may happen to the body, and from all evil thoughts which may assault and hurt the soul; through…

[Lutheran and Anglican service books]

This Sunday the title is prefaced with the Latin "Reminiscere" for "Remember" in the Lutheran service book.  It is the first word of the Introit.  Last week the title of the Sunday was prefaced by the Latin word "Invocabit" meaning "Call" from which we get "Invocation", and a "Call to Prayer".  For eons, these Sundays were known by the first word of the Introit, which always began the Divine Office.  We shall see more examples of this tradition in the weeks ahead.

Please note that the first collect is Strodach's personal translation and is much closer to the literal meaning of the original collect.  The prayer in the Anglican and Lutheran service book was crafted by Cramner in 1549.  I think that the literal interpretation has more punch.  It is succinct, direct, and discomforting!

Deus, qui conspicis omni nos virtute destitui interius exteriusque custodi

-- O God, Who seest that we have no power whatever inwardly and outwardly to guard,

God does see within us that we are but mortal, weak in resolve, and in fact so weak that we are unable to attain to that place God calls us without his intervention.  This was the entire point of the Pelagian controversy and the defense of the catholic faith by Augustine and again later by his followers when this precept was forgotten.  The Latin word "virtute" means "manly"—of having "moral excellence".  It is the ability to stand against evil in the evil day. It is the courage to take the right side even when it means that one will be subjected to persecution.  We are destitute (destitui) of that quality, both inwardly (interius) and outwardly (exteriusque) to guard (custodi) ourselves from the evil and weakness the pervades our world.  Why is this?  Sinfulness.  The word guard (custodi) carries the sense of a Power who is able to keep us from falling.  It is that Power that will protect us from the ultimate fall so that as we read in last week's Gospel, "He shall give his angels charge over thee, and in their hands they shall bear thee up" [Matthew 4:6]

With the truth humbly confessed, the petition follows:

ut ab omnibus adversitatibus muniamur in corpore, et a pravis cogitationibus mundemur in mente

-- so that we may be defended from all adversities in the body, and from all evil thoughts which may hurt in the mind, by the Lord.

 

The petition reflects back on the properties confessed in the first phrase. We cannot of ourselves protect body and soul, so God must be our strong Defender.  First against the constant adversities toward the body (adversitatibus muniamur in corpore), and secondly against the depraved (pravis) thoughts (cogitationibus) of the mind (in mente).

The reality is plainly before us, as it was to Paul in the Epistle appointed for today. Paul warned the Christians of Thessalonica that were falling into sin.  First, they embraced sin in their minds and souls through bad thoughts, and then they realized that sin in their physical bodies through evil and forbidden acts.

There is only one cure: Jesus, the great Physician, who deigned to heal the humble Canaanite woman's child in today's Gospel. He will also respond to the humble cry of the penitent for help.  Let us join in this season with the Church and pray as it has has prayed this collect for centuries, and ask God to come and defend us from every evil thought, every corrupt desire, all vain imaginations, and every adversity that assails.  Our faith can save us, and our loved ones, as it did the Canaanite woman's daughter and the centurion's servant, by the will of Jesus Christ who is always Faithful.  I pray the Lord may look upon you and be able to speak the words he said to them:  "O great is thy faith".

Semper Fidelis

See an homily by Chrysostom on the Epistle http://orderofcenturions.org/documents/lent2_07.html

Finis

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Released by Primus Pilus
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"Let us therefore follow after the things which make for peace, and things wherewith one may edify another" [St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans 14:19]

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The First Sunday in Lent - Quadragesima MMXII

O Lord, mercifully hear our prayer, and stretch forth the right hand of thy majesty to defend us from them that rise up against us; through our Lord..

 ...

Latin original Collect:

Preces nostras, quaesumus Domine, clementer exaudi, et contra cuncta nobis adversantia dexteram tuae maiestatis extende; per Dominum 

--Gelesian Sacramentary

Introit: He shall call upon me, and I will answer him.

Ps: He that dwelleth in the secret place of the Most High.

Epistle: 2 Corinthians 6:1-10.  We then, as workers together

Gradual: For he shall give his angles charge over thee,

Gospel: Matt 4:1-11.  Then was Jesus led up of the spirit   

See it all here

 http://www.archive.org/stream/commonserviceb00unknuoft#page/n75/mode/2up

Another rendering, 

Our prayers, we beseech thee O Lord, graciously hear; and against all our adversaries stretch forth the right hand of thy majesty; through the Lord

Hear our prayer.

Preces nostras, quaesumus Domine, clementer exaudi

[Our prayers, O Lord, mercifully hear]

It is not uncommon in prayer to say: "Hear our prayer O Lord". Consider Psalm 39, "Hear my prayer, O LORD, and give ear unto my cry [Psalm 39:12].  In the litanies of prayer in liturgical worship the folk often repeat, "Lord, in thy mercy, hear our prayer", or other similar petition.

God is indeed merciful to hear the call of his elect.  He anticipates and appreciates this form of communion.  He has called upon his people to come humbly and with a contrite heart to his seat of mercy to present their supplications and petitions.  Paul wrote "Be careful for nothing; but in every thing by prayer and supplication with thanksgiving let your requests be made known unto God" [Philippians 4:6].

Psalm 51, which we normally rehearse on the first day of Lent, is a model for humble prayer.  David wrote, "The sacrifices of God are a broken spirit; a broken and contrite heart, O God, you will not despise" [Psalm 51:17].

God, however, turns from those whose plea is false and haughty.  Their conduct demonstrates they are not subject to his holy authority.  They are in denial or open rebellion.  Be not of that number.  As Paul wrote to the Corinthians in today's epistle, "We then, as workers together with him, beseech you also that you receive not the grace of God in vain" [2 Corinthians 6:1]. 

There are those who have entered into his God's holy sanctuary as thieves.  They stand in prayer with obedient Christians, but they are the Children of Satan.  They never turn from their sin. God despises their solemnities and salutations.  They ignore God's law in favor of the world's rules.  They disgrace his word by twisting it and attempting to deceive the elect and just (if that were possible) [Matthew 24:24].  Like Satan in the Wilderness, they concoct temptations while falsely citing Scripture with great evil craft [Matthew 4:1-11].  They may claim the title Christian, but they are a Brood of Vipers whose worship is suited for the Synagogue of Satan.  God shall not suffer them, "For the time is come that judgment must begin at the house of God: and if it first begin at us, what shall the end be of them that obey not the gospel of God?" [1 Peter 4:17]. 

Hear also what Paul wrote in Hebrews, "For it is impossible for those who were once enlightened [catechumens], and have tasted of the heavenly gift [Body and Blood of Christ in Holy Communion], and were made partakers of the Holy Ghost [Baptized], And have tasted the good word of God, and the powers of the world to come, If they shall fall away, to renew them again unto repentance; seeing they crucify to themselves the Son of God afresh, and put him to an open shame" [Hebrews 6:4-6].

Then what shall we say to these thieves?  In the Gospel appointed for today, Jesus dispatched Satan with a word: "Get the hence, Satan" [Matthew 4:10].

Let us also remember the word of God spoken unto Jeremiah, "Therefore pray not thou for this people, neither lift up a cry or prayer for them: for I will not hear them in the time that they cry unto me for their trouble" [Jeremiah 11:14].

O God, protect us.

et contra cuncta nobis adversantia dexteram tuae maiestatis extende;

[And against all of our adversaries, stretch forth thy majestic right arm]

This is surely an imprecatory petition.  It follows the form often used by David in his prayer, "Blessed be the LORD my strength, which teacheth my hands to war, and my fingers to fight…Send thine hand from above; rid me, and deliver me out of great waters, from the hand of strange children" [Psalm 144:1-7].

The collect qualifies our petition by establishing the nature and character of God.  It is his "Right" arm (dexteram), which is righteous and just.  It is his "Majestic" arm, with power coming forth from the Sovereign Lord.  

Did the Lord Jesus ever used his "right arm" against an adversary?  Yes indeed!  Consider the night of his arrest: "As soon then as he had said unto them, I am he, they went backward, and fell to the ground" [John 18:6].  At Nazareth, he defended himself in a mysterious way by passing through the midst of his assailants [Luke 4:28-30].  At Jerusalem before his Pascal Feast, he cleansed the Temple of evildoers [Mark 11:15-18].  Before Pilate, he intimated such power when he said his Father could send twelve legions of angels for his defense [Matthew 26:53].

God Almighty chooses the times and places that he will stretch forth his right arm, but be assured he has done so and will do so again according to prophesy and his promise: "I saw heaven standing open and there before me was a white horse, whose rider is called Faithful and True.  With justice he judges and makes war." [Revelation 19-11]

Maranatha." Come Lord Jesus. Amen [1 Corinthians 16:22].

Semper Fidelis -- Semper Vigilans -- Semper Paratus

Finis

(Portions were paraphrased and passages cited from The Collect of the Day, by Paul Zeller Strodach, 1939, The United 

Lutheran Press, Philadelphia)  http://www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/s/t/r/strodach_pz.htm

 

The Ancient Collect: Its history and form

http://orderofcenturions.org/collect-form.html

 

--
Released by Primus Pilus
Legio Christi-Ecclesia Militans
"Let us therefore follow after the things which make for peace, and things wherewith one may edify another" [St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans 14:19]

* ORDO CENTURIONUM * IN HOC SIGNO VINCES * TIME DEUM ET OPERARE IUSTITIAM

Ash Wednesday MMXII

Almighty and everlasting God, who hath compassion upon all men, and hateth nothing that thou hast made, passing over the sins of men because of their repentance; who also succourest them that labour in necessity, vouchsafe to bless and sanctify these ashes, which thou hast ordered that, after the manner of the Ninevites, we should bear upon our heads, for the sake of humility, and of our holy religion, and for the cleansing away of our offences ; and grant that by calling on thy holy name, all those who have thus borne ashes on their heads may be thought worthy to receive from thee pardon of all their sins, and so to-day commence the observation of their holy fasts, that on the day of Resurrection they may be found worthy to approach the holy Paschal feast with minds purified, and hereafter to share in glory everlasting. Through etc.

[Sarum Missal]

Here is the entire service in English

http://www.theanglocatholic.com/2010/02/ash-wednesday-service-from-the-use-of-sarum/

Gregorian Sacramentary:  dies cinerum (day of ashes) 8th century or earlier.

In the beginning, Lent started on Quadragesima -- the Fourth Sunday before Easter.  Originally, ashes were imposed on penitents as a sign, at least as early as the 6th century, and there was no direct connection with Easter Lent.  In the 10th century, Wednesday, a normal fast day, was observed as a day for penitents before Lent, and ashes were imposed on the heads of those who came to church that day for the ceremony.  Finally Urban II specified the use of ashes on the Wednesday before Lent.  Later the day was called,  "Ash Wednesday".  In the 12th century the tradition of using the ashes from branches of palms, saved from the previous year's Palm Sunday observance, were directed for use.

We read in the books both in the Old Law and in the New that the men who repented of their sins bestrewed themselves with ashes and clothed their bodies with sackcloth. Now let us do this little at the beginning of our Lent that we strew ashes upon our heads to signify that we ought to repent of our sins during the Lenten fast.

Aelfric [c. 1005-1020]

Finis

Ref:

 http://www.americancatholic.org/newsletters/cu/ac0204.asp

http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01775b.htm

-- 

Released by Primus Pilus
Legio Christi-Ecclesia Militans
"Let us therefore follow after the things which make for peace, and things wherewith one may edify another" [St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans 14:19]

* ORDO CENTURIONUM * IN HOC SIGNO VINCES * TIME DEUM ET OPERARE IUSTITIAM

O Lord we beseech thee, mercifully hear our prayers, and, having set us free from the bonds of sin, defend us from all evil, through ...

Latin original Collect:

Preses nostras, quaesumus Domine, clementer exaudi, atque a peccatorum vinculis absolutos, ab omni nos adversitate custodi, per.

--Gregorian Sacramentary

Introit: Be thou my strong Rock…
Ps. In thee O Lord do I put my trust..
Epistle: 1 Corinthians 13:1-13 Though I speak with...
Gradual: Thou are the God that doest wonders…
Gospel: Luke 18:31-43 Then he took unto him the twelve...

See it all here
http://www.archive.org/stream/commonserviceb00unknuoft#page/n74/mode/2up

Another translation:

Our Governor, we beseech thee Lord, graciously hear us, from the bonds of our sins deliver us, and keep us from all adversity, through.

Again, I was reminded of Luther's Bondage of the Will. There are many who go about these days with the notion that there is no such thing as evil, and that bondage to it is an illusion. There is a recent news story in America of a man in bondage to pornography and molestation. That evil bondage culminated in a several murders.

http://www.newsmakertoday.com/josh-powell-say-i-have-a-surprise-before-he-kill-and-burn-his-children/3461.html

Don't be fooled. Evil is ubiquitous in our world. This very medium of the Internet, upon which you are likely reading this collect-reflection, has allowed the world wide web to become a worldwide network of evil where every type of perversion is freely practiced and which enslaves humans to unnatural lusts. Hollywood panders evil with new releases of vampires, chain-saw massacres, unbridled sin and lust -- you just about have to have an "R" rating to make it in the box office receipts these days.

What shall we do?

Seek protection from God, pray, and keep praying for your own protection and for those who are in bondage. Don't surrender to those who declare the bondage as just a normal condition. You and I both know better. It is destructive not only to the person in bondage to sin, but to all those who interact with them. Drugs, pornography, violence, hatred, stealing, bickering and backbiting, unhealthy and abnormal practices -- all are a marks of sin to one degree or another as they depart from what is good, and beautiful, and in God's order that he has laid out for us.

We hear a lot about various social, psychological, and therapy programs, most of which have very poor success rates. Often folk go into these programs and "graduate" only to soon fall back under the bondage. So it was with a music star this week. Whitney Houston, who began her musical journey in a church choir, and ended it in an early death due principally to poor health from abuse of drugs. Everyone is subject to these temptations. So what is a person to do? Let us look at our collect for some idea.

"Preses nostras, quaesumus Domine"
-- Our Governor, Lord

First, acknowledge Jesus of Nazareth as God's Messiah, the Christ, the Lord. Know that he is the Anointed one who was sent into the world to gather his own and deliver them from the bondage of sin and its consequences, to include eternal death. Humbly accept his sovereignty. Invite him to rule in your heart. Surrender your will to his. In every way be subject to him as King. Paul wrote, "if thou shalt confess with thy mouth the Lord Jesus, and shalt believe in thine heart that God hath raised him from the dead, thou shalt be saved." [Romans 10:9]

"clementer exaudi"
-- Mercifully hear us

Second, call on your Lord in prayer. Those with who Jesus abides have no fear. The Holy Ghost within them prays continuously for them in groans that are known to God Almighty. With your lips and heart pray to God through Jesus your King for those things you need, and believe that God will give those good things that are helpful for you. Jesus said, "If ye then, being evil, know how to give good gifts unto your children, how much more shall your Father which is in heaven give good things to them that ask him?" [Matthew 7:11]

"atque a peccatorum vinculis absolutos"
-- the bonds of our sins

Third, recognize, pray for, and through hope and faith come to realize that the Great Physician is the only power that can release you from the bonds of sin that ensnare mankind. It is our curse in this life through the sin of the one man Adam that we fall prey to this cursed evil, and it is the will of God through Jesus Christ that by his power sin is defeated, death is defeated, we are made free indeed, the bonds are broken, and our will is bound to his goodness. Paul wrote, "For as by one man's disobedience many were made sinners, so by the obedience of one shall many be made righteous." [Romans 5:19], and Jesus said, "If the Son therefore shall make you free, ye shall be free indeed." [John 8:36]

"ab omni nos adversitate custodi"
-- keep us from all adversity

Finally ask for protection. Our Lord never promised a rose garden for his followers. He never promised or even intimated that they would be delivered from earthly woes -- quite the opposite. That is a false Gospel pandered by false teachers of prosperity. God did promise that the elect would be delivered from evil, forever. Paul clearly identified that evil. He wrote, "For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high places" [Ephesians 6:12]. Who is our champion, our protector? Jesus said, "My sheep hear my voice, and I know them, and they follow me: And I give unto them eternal life; and they shall never perish, neither shall any man pluck them out of my hand. My Father, which gave them me, is greater than all; and no man is able to pluck them out of my Father's hand." [John 10:27-29.]

In the ancient tradition, today's epistle is 1 Corinthians 13:1-13. In it, Paul clearly identifies those three great spiritual virtues that will aid us in our journey: Faith [in the Lord Jesus Christ], Hope [in his promise and our end state], and Charity [Love of God first, and our neighbor as ourselves].

In the appointed Gospel the blind beggar mercifully beseeched Jesus to heal him, and knowing the man's heart, Jesus said to him, " Receive thy sight: thy faith hath saved thee". [Luke 18:42]. It is faith and faith alone that God responds to as he breaks the bonds of sin and keeps his own in this world and the next.

These lesson from Paul relate to our collect today. Read them all at the link above. See an homily of Chrysostom on a parallel gospel account of the healing here
http://orderofcenturions.org/documents/quinquagesima.html#homily

Finis

(Portions were paraphrased and passages cited from The Collect of the Day, by Paul Zeller Strodach, 1939, The United Lutheran Press, Philadelphia) http://www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/s/t/r/strodach_pz.htm

The Ancient Collect: Its history and form
http://orderofcenturions.org/collect-form.html

--

Released by Primus Pilus
Legio Christi-Ecclesia Militans

"Let us therefore follow after the things which make for peace, and things wherewith one may edify another" [St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans 14:19]

* ORDO CENTURIONUM * IN HOC SIGNO VINCES * TIME DEUM ET OPERARE IUSTITIAM

Sexagesima Sunday MMXII

God, who seest that we put not our trust in anything that we do; mercifully grant that we may be defended against all -- by the protection of  the Apostle of the Gentiles, per ...

--Latin original Collect:

Deus qui conspicus quia ex nulla nostra actione confidimus: concede propitius, ut contra adversa omnia doctoris gentium protectione muniamur, per...

--Gelesian Sacramentary

Introit: Awake why sleepest thou, O Lord…

Ps. We have heard with our ears..

Epistle: 2Cor 11:19-12:9 For ye suffer fools gladly…me.

Gradual: Let the nations know that thy name is Jehovah…..

Gospel: Luke 8:4-15 And when much people were gathered…patience.

 

See it all here

 http://www.archive.org/stream/commonserviceb00unknuoft#page/n74/mode/2up

This collect was translated in the Reformed Book of Common Prayer and the Lutheran Service manual as

O Lord God, who seest that we put not our trust in any thing that we do; Mercifully grant that by thy power we may be defended against all adversity; through…

 -- BCP - Lutheran reformed version

This is the longest Pauline epistle in any of the Sunday propers, and so mentioning Paul in this collect may have been a way to recognize Paul's perils. In the epistle, Paul described his persecutions, which he met at every occasion. As he was protected, so may we be. Paul did not glory in his resilience against his adversities, but rather in his infirmities and in Christ Jesus his Lord (2Cor 12:9) 

Here is a link to a portion of a homily on this passage by Chrysostom.

http://orderofcenturions.org/documents/sexagesima.html#homily

Deus qui conspicus quia ex nulla nostra actione confidimus

God is all seeing, all knowing. There is nothing that he does not know. There is no hiding place from his observation. If you ascended into heaven; he is there. If you descended into the depths of the dead; he is there (Ps. 139:8). Nothing is hidden, and all will be revealed (1Cor 3:13).  God also knows in whom we put our trust.  "Trust in God" is our motto, written large on our money. But do we really?

In what do we trust? 

Beware of those who preach a "prosperity Gospel" which is no Gospel at all.  Do not trust in that.  

Beware of the "snake-oil salesmen" pretending to be God's ministers on religious television channels and networks who give false prophesies, perform fake healings, and bid you send them your money or to buy their worthless trinkets. Do not trust in that. 

Beware of a "peace, justice, and inclusion Gospel" that would replace our Savior with the latest social agenda and political action.  Do not trust in that.  

Rather, trust in Jesus. Trust in his eternal promise.  Trust in his presence that brings his heavenly peace in the midst of strife, fear, and anguish.  Trust in his law to be a lamp unto your feet to guide you through this life of woe.  Renounce every thought that salvation is based upon what you do, and acknowledge that it is based solely on the work of God.  It is a gift, never earned through our efforts, but accepted by his elect when offered -- and manifested through faith that saves. Fully rely on God.

 concede propitius, ut contra adversa omnia doctoris gentium protectione muniamur, per...

This trust and faith is the gift that provides a ready defense against the wiles of the adversary and assaults of this world. Paul's protection is solicited from God in the collect, and what that protection may truly imply is an understanding and emulation of Paul's source of protection. We do well to heed his encouragement to the Ephesians of how we are to prepare for adversity: with a shield of faith, a belt of truth, an helmet of salvation, a breatplate of righteousness, the sword of the Spirit, and feet shod with the Gospel, strengthened to carry forth Jesus' commission to make disciples of all men.  (Ephesians 6:10-18)

In prior years, I had the responsibility to prepare young men for commission and evaluate them through small unit tactical training. They executed what are currently known as Pre-Combat Checks (PCC) before departing on a mission.  Every man was checked by another for his personal armor, weapons, equipment, and knowledge of the mission and commander's intent. All were checked, from the Platoon Commander to the rifleman.  These pre-combat checks remind me of Paul's admonition and his personal preparation for combat to withstand his foes. We would do well to conduct our own PCCs for ourselves and our neighbor in this day.

 

Read Paul's letter and understand his struggle in this world against all manner of evil.  He withstood all – survived all -- until he was called home to his rest. He forever stood firm in the faith, with his boast in God and in his suffering for Christ.

 

Read the Gospel.  Pray that you might be like the seed that fell in the good earth, that grew strong and returned an hundred fold to the Master. Depend on God's promises and presence in every endeavor. Pray that God will forever abide with you so the devil cannot pluck away, and the cares of this world cannot choke out the love of God in Christ Jesus.

  

semper paratus

Finis

 

(Portions were paraphrased and passages cited from The Collect of the Day, by Paul Zeller Strodach, 1939, The United Lutheran Press, Philadelphia)  http://www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/s/t/r/strodach_pz.htm

 

The Ancient Collect: Its history and form

http://orderofcenturions.org/collect-form.html

Septuagesima MMXII

The Collect

 

O LORD, we beseech thee favourably to hear the prayers of thy people; that we, who are justly punished for our offences, may be mercifully delivered by thy goodness, for the glory of thy Name; through…

 

Latin original Collect:

 

Preces populi tui quaesumus Domine, clementer exaudi, ut qui iuste pro peccatis nostris affligimur, pro tui nominis gloria misericorditer liberemur, per...

--Gelesian Sacramentary

 

Introit: The sorrows of death compassed me…

Ps. I will love thee O Lord my strength: the Lord is my Rock…

Epistle: 1Cor 9:24-10:5  Know ye not that they which run …

Gradual: The Lord also will be a refuge in times of trouble…

Gospel:  Matt 20:1-16  For the kingdom of heaven is like unto...

 

See it all here

 http://www.archive.org/stream/commonserviceb00unknuoft#page/n71/mode/2up

 

This marks the beginning of the season of Pre-Lent. Septuagesima Sunday it has been called for millennia. This is the 70^th (Septuagesima) 7^th "decade" before Easter. It is to be followed sequentially by Sexagesima (60) Quinquagesima (50) and finally Lent itself – Quadragesima (40).  Of course these are not exact counts, but rather round numbers that were helpful to the folk to use. The names helped to prepare them for the coming fast and penitence associated with Lent.  This was also the period in the very early church when the catechumens were prepared for Baptism through intense study of the Gospel, and memorization of the Lord's Prayer, the Commandments, and the Creed.

 

Our collect is striking in its turn for this season from those of Epiphany as it focuses on sin, punishment, and pardon.  It very much helps to turn our focus for the coming Lent.  It was customary for the folk to begin to consider their predicament, and on the eve or day of Ash Wednesday, the 40^th regular day before Easter (Sundays excepted), to make their humble confession and receive absolution from their priest.

 

The collect makes an acknowledgement as well that God is just in punishing us for our sins. The priest prayed, "ut qui iuste pro peccatis nostris affligimur" I can imagine that he bid them to silently consider their thoughts, words, and deeds that deserved God's judgment, before collecting their prayers. 

 

Next though, we have the good news.  Even though we deserve punishment, God has given us deliverance from death through his son, for the Glory of his name.  That is good news indeed, and it is the theme that our Lord put forth in the Gospel story of the householder who justified all who answered his call.

 

There is another part of today's lesson that the folk had to grapple with as do we, and that is the admonition from Paul in 1^st Corinthians.  Not all that are in the Church ought to go about thinking that their race is won – No!  Paul makes it clear that diligence and duty are in order in this life.  We must run the way of the Commandments, or we may find ourselves as many of the ancient Israelites did in the Wilderness – expelled, abandoned, and condemned.  However, Paul said he ran that race with all confidence in the outcome.

 

Finis

 

(Portions were paraphrased and passages cited from The Collect of the Day, by Paul Zeller Strodach, 1939, The United 

 

Lutheran Press, Philadelphia)  http://www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/s/t/r/strodach_pz.htm

 

The Ancient Collect: Its history and form

http://orderofcenturions.org/collect-form.html

 

--
Released by Primus Pilus
Legio Christi-Ecclesia Militans
"Let us therefore follow after the things which make for peace, and things wherewith one may edify another" [St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans 14:19]

* ORDO CENTURIONUM * IN HOC SIGNO VINCES * TIME DEUM ET OPERARE IUSTITIAM

The Fourth Sunday after the Epiphany MMXII

The Collect

 

Almighty GOD, who knowest us to be set in the midst of so many and great dangers, that by reason of the frailty of our nature we cannot always stand upright; Grant to us such strength and protection, as may support us in all dangers, and carry us through all temptations; through ...

 

Latin original Collect:

 

Deus, quis nos in tantis periculis constitutos, pro humana scis fragilitate non posse subsistere: da nobis salutem mentis et corporis: utea, quae pro peccatis nostris patimur, te adjuvante vincamus, per...

--Gelesian Sacramentary

  

Introit:  Worship him all ye his angles: Zion heard and was glad….

Epistle:  Romans 13:23-27  Owe no man anything, but to love…

Gradual: So the heathen shall fear the name of the Lord…

Gospel:  Matthew 8: 23-27  And when he entered into a ship…

 

See it all here

 http://www.archive.org/stream/commonserviceb00unknuoft#page/n69/mode/2up

 

This translation is like the Anglican 1662, differing only with the "Almighty" where the Anglican uses "O" – There is no "Almighty" used in the Latin.  Here is Strodash's translation:

 

God, who knowest that because of our human frailty we are not able to stand amid the so many perils surround us: Grant us health of mind and body that those things which we suffer because of our sins, thou aid us, we may conquer, through….

 

Here is Cranmer's version

 

GOD, which knowest us to be set in the midst of so many and great dangers, that for man's frailness, we cannot always stand uprightly; Grant to us the health of body and soul that all those things which we suffer for sin, by thy help we may pass and overcome, through Christ our Lord. Amen

The collect is similar to the 3^rd Sunday after Epiphany, which attributed to God the knowledge our human weakness.  We admit that we are not able to stand alone against all the perils that surround us. Here we speak of actual physical dangers-not only the spiritual. This collect is directly related to the Gospel account, where Jesus entered the ship, slept, and a great storm arose on the Galilee and threatened the very lives of the Apostles. The waves dashed the little ship about; water flooding the deck.  The Apostles feared for their lives. They expected the little ship would be broken up, and they all would perish.  They called upon Jesus to save them, and he stilled the waters. However, before he did so, he admonished them saying, "Why are ye fearful, O ye of little faith?"

 

This collect also has a bearing upon events of the day. It appeared in Gregory's Sacramentary on Lenten Ember Saturday. Gregory lived in a very troubled time for the Roman Empire, and one can imagine how he who prayed this collect was aware of the nearness of danger from the foes of Rome.

 

How does this collect speak to you today?  Consider human nature.  We all are subject to the assaults of the world and the devil. We sometimes follow our weaknesses into situations and behaviors we regret. Paul wrote to the Romans, "For we know that the law is spiritual: but I am carnal, sold under sin.  For that which I do, I allow not: for what I would, that do I not; but what I hate, that do I. " [Romans 7:14-15]

 

Human weakness is the cause, it is the reason, but it is no excuse.  There is a way. Paul said, "There hath no temptation taken you but such as is common to man: but God is faithful, who will not suffer you to be tempted above that ye are able; but will with the temptation also make a way to escape, that ye may be able to bear it." [1 Cor 10:13

 

But we do in fact fail. The judge, the policeman, the minister, the mother and father, we all fail. We may aim for that which is holy, and live with an objective of piety, holiness, and righteousness in our thoughts, words, and deeds day in day out – minute by minute, but we all fail sometime,  and all suffer the consequences.  We are not God. He has not perfected us in this world.  So we confess our sins and ask God to forgive us, be patient with us, support us, and help us to overcome the evil of the day with the good he has commanded. We wish to abide with him, and endeavor to follow his commandments, and finally, day by day, we pray:

 

"Forgive us our sins; for we also forgive every one that is indebted to us. And lead us not into temptation; but deliver us from evil…"

[Luke 11:4]

 

Finis

 

Some may like to contemplate today's Gospel and the collect with this great hymn adopted by the Royal and US Navy  - Eternal Father Strong to Save  -- with lyrics:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1QREAaIXJjs

 

(Portions were paraphrased and passages cited from The Collect of the Day, by Paul Zeller Strodach, 1939, The United 

 

Lutheran Press, Philadelphia)  http://www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/s/t/r/strodach_pz.htm

 

The Ancient Collect: Its history and form

http://orderofcenturions.org/collect-form.html

 

*The introit and gradual appointed are the same as the Third Sunday after the Epiphany.

--
Released by Primus Pilus
Legio Christi-Ecclesia Militans
"Let us therefore follow after the things which make for peace, and things wherewith one may edify another" [St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans 14:19]

* ORDO CENTURIONUM * IN HOC SIGNO VINCES * TIME DEUM ET OPERARE IUSTITIAM

The Third Sunday after the Epiphany -- MMXII

A Collect Study

The Collect

 

ALMIGHTY and everlasting God, mercifully look upon our infirmities, and in all our dangers and necessities stretch forth thy right hand of thy Majesty to help and defend us; through ...

 

Latin original Collect:

 

Omnipotens sempiterne Deus, infirmitatem nostram propitius respice, atque ad protegendum nos dextram tuea maiestatis extende, per...

--Gelesian Sacramentary

 

Introit:  Worship him all ye his angles: Zion heard and was glad….

Epistle:  Romans 12-16-21  Be not wise in your own conceits…

Gradual: So the heathen shall fear the name of the Lord…

Gospel:  Matthew 8: 1-13  When he was come down from the mountains…

 

See it all here

 http://www.archive.org/stream/commonserviceb00unknuoft#page/n69/mode/2up

 

The above translation/paraphrasing of Cranmer from 1549 as rendered in the old Lutheran Common Service Book. Strodash renders it thus:

Almighty, Everlasting God, consider graciously our infirmity and also stretch forth the right hand of thy Majesty for our protection: through the Lord.

This collect refers directly to the appointed Gospel. In 1928 the Protestant Episcopal Church of the United States of America replaced this Gospel of Matthew with one from John on the marriage feast in Cana on this Sunday, thereby breaking with the traditional accompanying Gospel since at least the 6^th century, and breaking the connection between the collect and the Gospel.  The same sort of things may occur with other churches that have adopted a common three-year lectionary of Sunday readings that presents readings that do not align with the original collect, which collect may have been retained for that Sunday.  As I have written previously, the collect was a means of bringing the lessons and prayers of the people together by the minister.  It seems rather sad that the connections are broken in some places.

 

The Gospel scene is one of Jesus coming down from the Sermon on the Mount where he had just preached the Beatitudes (e.g.,  "Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the Kingdom of Heaven"  etc.) [Matt 5:1-12].  A poor leper approached him, worshiped him, and said, "Lord if thou wilt, thou canst make me clean". Perhaps he had taken to heart the words he had heard when Jesus taught, "Ask and it shall be given you…for every one that asketh receiveth…" [Matt 7:7]

 

Now we can recall that lepers were normally to stay at a distance from any that were healthy so as not to spread the disease, yet this one came forward. Jewish law directed that no man should touch that which was unclean, and all lepers were considered most unclean [Leviticus 15:31].  Did our Lord rebuke him? Did the Great Physician send him on his way?  No, rather he made that which he had just preached practical ,by showing mercy and healing the "infirmities" of the man.  

 

And Jesus put forth his hand, and touched him, saying, "I will, be thou clean. And immediately his leprosy was cleansed."

 

We see that for the purpose of healing and comfort, and possibly demonstration, the law regarding touching of one considered unclean notwithstanding, Jesus made the beatitude practical. What better demonstration could there be? I wonder if it was Providence that the leper presented himself at that particular time and place. 

 

The reader may note two things here: Firstly, Jesus has spoken his command in saying "I will."  It is clear here that he has not asked God the Father to accomplish the healing but has done so by his own power.  Secondly, he actually touched the leper, breaking Jewish law and custom, and concomitant with that touch he accomplished that which he purposed.  He did not need to touch the leper, but he did so.  I think we can imagine why he accomplished this healing in the manner he did, as opposed to other healings which he accomplished by word alone. Immediately following this healing of the leper in today's Gospel, is the healing of the Centurion's servant in Capernaum, where our Lord healed by his word alone (at the request of the Centurion)  Following that event, he continued to heal many: Peter's mother-in-law and many others who were possessed [Matt 8:14-17]

  

 "stretched forth thy right hand" - So reads the collect.

 

Finally, we note that the collect calls for God's right hand. In scripture one finds the right hand (Hb. yamiyn) used in "righteous" work ( e.g., Psalms 17-7 for salvation).  The Gospel does not say "right hand" in this account, only hand (Gr. khire); but it was custom to offer the right hand as a sign of righteousness.  The word also has the sense of 'stretch forth thy power" and it is used in a prayer for our soldiers*.  The 'right hand' may be seen today in many instances in church tradition. I think of the ancient customs of holy communion, where the minister takes the consecrated bread in his right hand and places it in the right hand of the communicant.  Also in the practice of "Unction", prayers for the sick in accordance with James' epistle, where the ministers stretch forth their hands as a sign of the intent of the minister in calling on God to heal the supplicant's infirmities. When they stretch forth their hand and touch and anoint with oil, tradition calls for the "right" hand. Following this divine source and ecclesiastical tradition, the use of the right hand is a practice also observed in the secular world: the king's unction for coronations, knighting, military salute, presidential inaugurations, and all manner of official oaths to truth before God.

 

This is another place in Scripture where our Lord has fulfilled the Law in a new way formerly not understood by the people.  He demonstrated that his acts and words had the force of establishing and refining laws and customs as he came with the authority of God, and was God, and is God, indeed.

Our infirmities are not only physical. Consider the epistle appointed for the day. In Romans 12:16-21, Paul encourages his listeners to live in peace and love with their neighbors, forbearing one another.  May our Lord continue to work through the Spirit that is within his elect to lead them in their journey to become the image of himself.

 

"Himself took our infirmities, and bare our sicknesees"

[Matt 8:17]

* O LORD God of Hosts, stretch forth, we pray thee, thine almighty arm to strengthen and protect the soldiers of our country. Support them in the day of battle, and in the time of peace keep them safe from all evil; endue them with courage and loyalty; and grant that in all things they may serve without reproach; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.

 [1928 BCP]

 

Finis

 

(Portions were paraphrased and passages cited from The Collect of the Day, by Paul Zeller Strodach, 1939, The United 

 

Lutheran Press, Philadelphia)  http://www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/s/t/r/strodach_pz.htm

 

The Ancient Collect: Its history and form

http://orderofcenturions.org/collect-form.html

 

--
Released by Primus Pilus
Legio Christi-Ecclesia Militans
"Let us therefore follow after the things which make for peace, and things wherewith one may edify another" [St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans 14:19]

* ORDO CENTURIONUM * IN HOC SIGNO VINCES * TIME DEUM ET OPERARE IUSTITIAM

Second Sunday after Epiphany MMXII - Collect Study

The Collect

ALMIGHTY and everlasting God, who dost govern all things in heaven and earth; Mercifully hear the supplications of thy people, and grant us thy peace all the days of our life; through..  

Latin original Collect:

Omnipotens sempiterne Deus, qui coelestia simul et terrena moderaris, supplicationes populi tui clementer exaudi, et pacem tuam nostris concede temporibus, per..
--Gelesian Sacramentary

Introit:  All the earth shall worship thee, and shall sing unto thee, O God.….
Epistle:  Romans 12-6-16.  Having then gifts differing according to the grace given..
Gradual: He sent his Word and heald them; and delivered them from their destruction…
Gospel:  John 2: 1-11  And the third day there was a marriage in Cana of Galilee…

See it all here
http://www.archive.org/stream/commonserviceb00unknuoft#page/n67/mode/2up

This translation is that of Cranmer and also appears in the Lutheran book of worship and captures superbly the intent of the Latin original from the 6th century

It is similar to last Sunday's collect, in that it asks for God to receive our prayers. In this case it asks for peace in our time, whereas last week the petition was that God would show us his desire and give us the strength to do it.

The form of the petition may remind one of  Psalm 102:  "Hear my (our) prayer O Lord, and let my (our) cry come unto thee" which is often used as part of a litany of prayer.  

The attributes given to God are Almighty and Everlasting, for he is certainly both.  He is beyond all power in our comprehension, able to create the vast universe and the smallest particle.  He is everlasting being the Alpha and Omega. There never was a time that he wasn't God in Trinity,

These two attributes are now brought together to show that he constantly commands all that is, heaven and earth. He is the great Sustainer.  There is nothing that is beyond his sovereign command, and there never shall be.

Finally, the collect petitions for that which only God can give: true peace. We are comforted by the words and promise of our Lord Jesus Christ who said,

Peace I leave with you, my peace I give unto you: not as the world giveth, give I unto you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid.

The traditional epistle appointed for this Sunday continues the reading from last Sunday in Roman's 12.  See a homily by Chrysostom here:
http://orderofcenturions.org/documents/epiphany2_chrysostom_romans_xii_4.html


Finis

(Portions were paraphrased and passages cited from The Collect of the Day, by Paul Zeller Strodach, 1939, The United

Lutheran Press, Philadelphia)  http://www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/s/t/r/strodach_pz.htm

The Ancient Collect: Its history and form
http://orderofcenturions.org/collect-form.html
--
Released by Primus Pilus
Legio Christi-Ecclesia Militans
"Let us therefore follow after the things which make for peace, and things wherewith one may edify another" [St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans 14:19]

* ORDO CENTURIONUM * IN HOC SIGNO VINCES * TIME DEUM ET OPERARE IUSTITIAM

The First Sunday after Epiphany MMXII - Collect Study

The Collect

O LORD, we beseech thee mercifully to receive the prayers of thy people who call upon thee; and grant that they may both perceive and know what things they ought to do, and also may have grace and power faithfully to fulfil the same; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. 

Latin original Collect:

Voto, quaesumus Domine, supplicantis populi tui coelesti pietate prosequere ut et quea agenda sunt, videant et ad 

implenda auae viderit, convalescat, per Dominnum.

--Gelesian Sacramentary

 

Introit:  I saw the Lord, sitting upon a throne: high and lifted up….

Epistle:  Romans 12: 1-5   I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that you present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable to God…

Gradual:  Blessed be the Lord God, the God of Israel, who only doeth wonders…

Gospel:  Luke 2:41-52  Now his parents went to Jerusalem every year at the feast …

See it all here

 http://www.archive.org/stream/commonserviceb00unknuoft#page/n65/mode/2up

This English translation of the proper collect that is used in the Lutheran worship manual is the same as Cranmer's translation found in the Book of Common Prayer.

I offer below a translation which I hope serves to bring it closer to the original Latin, and to include some of the interpretation offered by Strodach.  

Vow, we beseech thee O Lord, to receive the humble and celestial supplications of thy people who sincerely call upon  thee, so that the things that should be done may be seen, and strength may be given to perform the same;  through our Lord…

Consider this prayer in the light of the historic epistle of Paul to the Romans, which has traditionally accompanied it on the 1st Sunday after the Epiphany.  Paul calls on his listeners to a reasonable service to God. But how? "By the mercies of God".  In other words, it is only by God's grace that man can see clearly the way ahead,--to know what things he ought to do, and then through the power of God's grace strengthening him, to do those things.  Paul says "therefore" meaning because of what I told you.  In the chapter preceding Paul wrote of the great gift of the calling and election that had been extended to the Gentiles not on account of their works, but  by grace. He said, "And if by grace, then is it no more of works: otherwise grace is no more grace. But if it be of works, then is it no more grace: otherwise work is no more work"

I have mentioned before the writing of Augustine that so much is akin to this collect and Paul's epistles. Augustine wrote: "Give, O Lord, what thou commandest, and then command what thou wilt." [Confessions:] and of his defense of the faith against the heretic Pelagius. 

This past week was the Sacrementarum of the Order. Some of us rehearsed the Vow of the Order, which acknowledges 

that it is through the aid of the Holy Ghost that we will be able to obey the Commandments and the Summary of the Law, follow the Rule of the Order, and fear God and do what is right.  That vow, this collect, and the Gospel preached by our Lord and his Apostle are in one accord. On the Order's Vow page, today's collect has stood for many years:

O LORD, we beseech thee mercifully to receive the prayers of thy people who call upon thee; and grant that they may both perceive and know what things they ought to do, and also may have grace and power faithfully to fulfil the same; through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen. 

Homily and propers from the OC here

http://www.orderofcenturions.org/documents/epiphany1.html

Finis

 

(Portions were paraphrased and passages cited from The Collect of the Day, by Paul Zeller Strodach, 1939, The United 

Lutheran Press, Philadelphia)  http://www.cyberhymnal.org/bio/s/t/r/strodach_pz.htm

 

The Ancient Collect: Its history and form

http://orderofcenturions.org/collect-form.html

 

[1] Dictionary of Burning Words of Brilliant Writers (1895) Quotes reported in Josiah Hotchkiss Gilbert, Dictionary of Burning Words of Brilliant Writers (1895). 

Also: "Pelagianism quickly spread, especially around Carthage, which is one reason the opponents acted so promptly and firmly. Augustine wrote four letters specifically on Pelagianism, "De peccatorum meritis et remissione libri III" (Three Books on the Merits and Forgiveness of Sins) in 412, "De spiritu et litera" (On the Spirit and the Letter) and "Definitiones Caelestii" (Caelestius's Definitions) in 414, and "De natura et gratia" (On Nature and Grace) in 415. In these he strongly affirmed the existence of original sin, the need for infant baptism, the impossibility of a sinless life without Christ, and the necessity of Christ's grace. Augustine's works are intended in part for the common people and thus do not address Pelagius or his disciple Caelestius (except for the Definitiones Caelestii) by name..." [Wiki]

Released by Primus Pilus
Legio Christi-Ecclesia Militans
"Let us therefore follow after the things which make for peace, and things wherewith one may edify another" [St. Paul's Epistle to the Romans 14:19]

* ORDO CENTURIONUM * IN HOC SIGNO VINCES * TIME DEUM ET OPERARE IUSTITIAM